SYLLABUS
Unit-I
States of Matter and Properties of Matter:
States of matter, changes in the states of matter, latent heats, vapour pressure, sublimation critical point,
eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols – inhalers, relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states,
solid-crystalline, amorphous and polymorphism.
Physicochemical Properties of Drug Molecules:
Refractive index, optical rotation, dielectric constant, dipole moment, dissociation constant, determinations and
applications.
Unit-II
Solubility of Drugs:
Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute-solvent interactions, ideal solubility parameters, solvation and
association, quantitative approach to the factors influencing solubility of drugs. Dissolution and drug release,
diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility gases in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, (binary solutions,
ideal solutions) Raoult’s law, real solutions, azeotropic mixtures, fractional distillation. Partially miscible liquids,
critical solution temperature (CST) and applications. Distribution law, its limitations and applications.
Unit-III
Micromeretics:
Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number methods
for determining particle size by (different methods), counting and separation method, particle shape, specific
surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity,
packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness and flow properties.
Unit-IV
Complexation and Protein Binding:
Introduction, classification of complexation, applications, methods of analysis, protein binding, complexation
and drug action, crystalline structures of complexes and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants.
Unit-V
pH, Buffers and Isotonic Solutions:
Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination (electrometric and calourimetric), applications of buffers, buffer equation,
buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions. Isotonicity,
colligative properties and determination of tonicity of a system.
